The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.